Is the death penalty abolished by treaty in the United States?

Not in the treaty: the United States has not joined the 1989 UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). Many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law; this map shows the treaty only.

Is the death penalty abolished by treaty in the United Kingdom?

Yes. The death penalty is banned in the United Kingdom. Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1999. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.

Is the death penalty abolished by treaty in Canada?

Yes. The death penalty is banned in Canada. Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2005. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.

Is the death penalty abolished by treaty in Australia?

Yes. The death penalty is banned in Australia. Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1990. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.

Is the death penalty abolished by treaty in India?

Not in the treaty: India has not joined the 1989 UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). Many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law; this map shows the treaty only.

All maps › Treaties › Death penalty

Is the death penalty abolished by treaty in your country?

Name: Is the death penalty abolished by treaty in each country? (2026)
Creator: One Map
License: https://maps.thatonemap.com/press/

The 2026 map of where the death penalty is abolished by the UN treaty, published Nov 10, 2026. Sources

92Banned

103Not in the treaty

The treaty has 92 parties, all of them among the 195 countries this map rates.

Banned (92)Not in the treaty

Sources: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026 · OHCHR · How we rate it

Is it banned where you live? Check your country

Banned in 92 countries

AlbaniaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2007. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 17 Oct 2007 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
AndorraBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2006. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 5 Aug 2002, ratified 22 Sep 2006 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
AngolaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2019. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 24 Sep 2013, ratified 2 Oct 2019 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
ArgentinaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2008. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 20 Dec 2006, ratified 2 Sep 2008 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
ArmeniaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2021. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 26 Sep 2019, ratified 18 Mar 2021 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
AustraliaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1990. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 2 Oct 1990 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
AustriaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1993. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 8 Apr 1991, ratified 2 Mar 1993 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
AzerbaijanBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1999. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 22 Jan 1999 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
BelgiumBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1998. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 12 Jul 1990, ratified 8 Dec 1998 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
BeninBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2012. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 5 Jul 2012 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
BoliviaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2013. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 12 Jul 2013 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
Bosnia & HerzegovinaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2001. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 7 Sep 2000, ratified 16 Mar 2001 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
BrazilBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2009. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 25 Sep 2009 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
BulgariaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1999. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 11 Mar 1999, ratified 10 Aug 1999 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
CanadaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2005. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 25 Nov 2005 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
Cape VerdeBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2000. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 19 May 2000 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
ChileBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2008. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 15 Nov 2001, ratified 26 Sep 2008 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
ColombiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1997. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 5 Aug 1997 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
Costa RicaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1998. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 14 Feb 1990, ratified 5 Jun 1998 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
CroatiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1995. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 12 Oct 1995 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
CyprusBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1999. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 10 Sep 1999 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
CzechiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2004. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 15 Jun 2004 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
Côte d’IvoireBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2024. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 3 May 2024 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026). Acceded 3 May 2024.
DenmarkBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1994. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 13 Feb 1990, ratified 24 Feb 1994 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
DjiboutiBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2002. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 5 Nov 2002 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
Dominican RepublicBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2016. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 21 Sep 2016 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
EcuadorBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1993. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 23 Feb 1993 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
El SalvadorBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2014. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 8 Apr 2014 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
EstoniaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2004. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 30 Jan 2004 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
FinlandBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1991. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 13 Feb 1990, ratified 4 Apr 1991 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
FranceBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2007. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 2 Oct 2007 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
GabonBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2014. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 2 Apr 2014 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
GambiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2018. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 20 Sep 2017, ratified 28 Sep 2018 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
GeorgiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1999. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 22 Mar 1999 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
GermanyBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1992. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 13 Feb 1990, ratified 18 Aug 1992 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
GreeceBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1997. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 5 May 1997 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
Guinea-BissauBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2013. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 12 Sep 2000, ratified 24 Sep 2013 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
HondurasBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2008. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 10 May 1990, ratified 1 Apr 2008 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
HungaryBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1994. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 24 Feb 1994 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
IcelandBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1991. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 30 Jan 1991, ratified 2 Apr 1991 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
IrelandBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1993. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 18 Jun 1993 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
ItalyBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1995. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 13 Feb 1990, ratified 14 Feb 1995 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
KazakhstanBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2022. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 23 Sep 2020, ratified 24 Mar 2022 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026). Ratified 24 Mar 2022.
KyrgyzstanBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2010. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 6 Dec 2010 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
LatviaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2013. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 19 Apr 2013 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
LiberiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2005. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 16 Sep 2005 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
LiechtensteinBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1998. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 10 Dec 1998 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
LithuaniaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2002. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 8 Sep 2000, ratified 27 Mar 2002 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
LuxembourgBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1992. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 13 Feb 1990, ratified 12 Feb 1992 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
MadagascarBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2017. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 24 Sep 2012, ratified 21 Sep 2017 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
MaltaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1994. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 29 Dec 1994 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
MexicoBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2007. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 26 Sep 2007 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
MoldovaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2006. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 20 Sep 2006 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
MonacoBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2000. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 28 Mar 2000 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
MongoliaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2012. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 13 Mar 2012 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
MontenegroBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2006. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); succeeded 23 Oct 2006 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
MozambiqueBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1993. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 21 Jul 1993 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
NamibiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1994. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 28 Nov 1994 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
NepalBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1998. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 4 Mar 1998 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
NetherlandsBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1991. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 9 Aug 1990, ratified 26 Mar 1991 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
New ZealandBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1990. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 22 Feb 1990, ratified 22 Feb 1990 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
NicaraguaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2009. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 21 Feb 1990, ratified 25 Feb 2009 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
North MacedoniaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1995. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 26 Jan 1995 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
NorwayBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1991. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 13 Feb 1990, ratified 5 Sep 1991 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
Palestinian TerritoriesBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2019. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 18 Mar 2019 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
PanamaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1993. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 21 Jan 1993 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
ParaguayBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2003. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 18 Aug 2003 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
PhilippinesBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2007. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 20 Sep 2006, ratified 20 Nov 2007 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
PolandBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2014. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 21 Mar 2000, ratified 25 Apr 2014 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
PortugalBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1990. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 13 Feb 1990, ratified 17 Oct 1990 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
RomaniaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1991. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 15 Mar 1990, ratified 27 Feb 1991 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
RwandaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2008. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 15 Dec 2008 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
San MarinoBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2004. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 26 Sep 2003, ratified 17 Aug 2004 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
SerbiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2001. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 6 Sep 2001 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
SeychellesBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1994. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 15 Dec 1994 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
SlovakiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1999. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 22 Sep 1998, ratified 22 Jun 1999 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
SloveniaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1994. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 14 Sep 1993, ratified 10 Mar 1994 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
South AfricaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2002. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 28 Aug 2002 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
SpainBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1991. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 23 Feb 1990, ratified 11 Apr 1991 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
SwedenBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1990. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 13 Feb 1990, ratified 11 May 1990 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
SwitzerlandBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1994. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 16 Jun 1994 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
São Tomé & PríncipeBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2017. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 6 Sep 2000, ratified 10 Jan 2017 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
Timor-LesteBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2003. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 18 Sep 2003 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
TogoBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2016. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 14 Sep 2016 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
TurkmenistanBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2000. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 11 Jan 2000 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
TürkiyeBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2006. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 6 Apr 2004, ratified 2 Mar 2006 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
UkraineBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2007. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 25 Jul 2007 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
United KingdomBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1999. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 31 Mar 1999, ratified 10 Dec 1999 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
UruguayBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1993. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 13 Feb 1990, ratified 21 Jan 1993 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
UzbekistanBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2008. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 23 Dec 2008 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
VenezuelaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 1993. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); signed 7 Jun 1990, ratified 22 Feb 1993 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026).
ZambiaBanned
Joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty in 2024. No one under its jurisdiction may be executed (art. 1). The only exception the treaty allows is a reservation, made when joining, for the most serious military crimes in wartime (art. 2), and the treaty has no exit clause. It is the newest member, joining in December 2024.
Source: UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026
Why we rate it this way
State Party to the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR, 1989); acceded 19 Dec 2024 (UNTC IV-12 status page, as at 10 Nov 2026). The newest State Party: acceded 19 Dec 2024, bound three months after deposit (art. 8(2)).

Not in the treaty does not mean a country executes people: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law, and some have not carried out an execution in decades. This map shows the 1989 treaty only.

Show the 103 countries where it is not in the treaty

AfghanistanNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
AlgeriaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Antigua & BarbudaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BahamasNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BahrainNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BangladeshNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BarbadosNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BelarusNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BelizeNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BhutanNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BotswanaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BruneiNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Burkina FasoNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
BurundiNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
CambodiaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
CameroonNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Central African RepublicNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
ChadNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
ChinaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
ComorosNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Congo - BrazzavilleNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Congo - KinshasaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
CubaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
DominicaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
EgyptNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Equatorial GuineaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
EritreaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
EswatiniNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
EthiopiaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
FijiNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
GhanaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
GrenadaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
GuatemalaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
GuineaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
GuyanaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
HaitiNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
IndiaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
IndonesiaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
IranNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
IraqNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
IsraelNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
JamaicaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
JapanNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
JordanNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
KenyaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
KiribatiNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
KuwaitNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
LaosNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
LebanonNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
LesothoNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
LibyaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
MalawiNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
MalaysiaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
MaldivesNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
MaliNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Marshall IslandsNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
MauritaniaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
MauritiusNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
MicronesiaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
MoroccoNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Myanmar (Burma)Not in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
NauruNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
NigerNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
NigeriaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
North KoreaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
OmanNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
PakistanNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
PalauNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Papua New GuineaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
PeruNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
QatarNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
RussiaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
SamoaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Saudi ArabiaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
SenegalNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Sierra LeoneNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
SingaporeNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Solomon IslandsNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
SomaliaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
South KoreaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
South SudanNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Sri LankaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
St. Kitts & NevisNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
St. LuciaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
St. Vincent & GrenadinesNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
SudanNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
SurinameNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
SyriaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
TajikistanNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
TanzaniaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
ThailandNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
TongaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Trinidad & TobagoNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
TunisiaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
TuvaluNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
UgandaNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
United Arab EmiratesNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
United StatesNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
VanuatuNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
Vatican CityNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
VietnamNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
YemenNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party
ZimbabweNot in the treaty
Has not joined the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty (Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR). This map shows the treaty only: many countries outside it have abolished the death penalty in their own law.
Source: UN Treaty Collection IV-12, 10 Nov 2026: not a signatory or party

All 195 countries: is the death penalty abolished by treaty?

AfghanistanNot in the treaty
AlbaniaBanned
AlgeriaNot in the treaty
AndorraBanned
AngolaBanned
Antigua & BarbudaNot in the treaty
ArgentinaBanned
ArmeniaBanned
AustraliaBanned
AustriaBanned
AzerbaijanBanned
BahamasNot in the treaty
BahrainNot in the treaty
BangladeshNot in the treaty
BarbadosNot in the treaty
BelarusNot in the treaty
BelgiumBanned
BelizeNot in the treaty
BeninBanned
BhutanNot in the treaty
BoliviaBanned
Bosnia & HerzegovinaBanned
BotswanaNot in the treaty
BrazilBanned
BruneiNot in the treaty
BulgariaBanned
Burkina FasoNot in the treaty
BurundiNot in the treaty
CambodiaNot in the treaty
CameroonNot in the treaty
CanadaBanned
Cape VerdeBanned
Central African RepublicNot in the treaty
ChadNot in the treaty
ChileBanned
ChinaNot in the treaty
ColombiaBanned
ComorosNot in the treaty
Congo - BrazzavilleNot in the treaty
Congo - KinshasaNot in the treaty
Costa RicaBanned
CroatiaBanned
CubaNot in the treaty
CyprusBanned
CzechiaBanned
Côte d’IvoireBanned
DenmarkBanned
DjiboutiBanned
DominicaNot in the treaty
Dominican RepublicBanned
EcuadorBanned
EgyptNot in the treaty
El SalvadorBanned
Equatorial GuineaNot in the treaty
EritreaNot in the treaty
EstoniaBanned
EswatiniNot in the treaty
EthiopiaNot in the treaty
FijiNot in the treaty
FinlandBanned
FranceBanned
GabonBanned
GambiaBanned
GeorgiaBanned
GermanyBanned
GhanaNot in the treaty
GreeceBanned
GrenadaNot in the treaty
GuatemalaNot in the treaty
GuineaNot in the treaty
Guinea-BissauBanned
GuyanaNot in the treaty
HaitiNot in the treaty
HondurasBanned
HungaryBanned
IcelandBanned
IndiaNot in the treaty
IndonesiaNot in the treaty
IranNot in the treaty
IraqNot in the treaty
IrelandBanned
IsraelNot in the treaty
ItalyBanned
JamaicaNot in the treaty
JapanNot in the treaty
JordanNot in the treaty
KazakhstanBanned
KenyaNot in the treaty
KiribatiNot in the treaty
KuwaitNot in the treaty
KyrgyzstanBanned
LaosNot in the treaty
LatviaBanned
LebanonNot in the treaty
LesothoNot in the treaty
LiberiaBanned
LibyaNot in the treaty
LiechtensteinBanned
LithuaniaBanned
LuxembourgBanned
MadagascarBanned
MalawiNot in the treaty
MalaysiaNot in the treaty
MaldivesNot in the treaty
MaliNot in the treaty
MaltaBanned
Marshall IslandsNot in the treaty
MauritaniaNot in the treaty
MauritiusNot in the treaty
MexicoBanned
MicronesiaNot in the treaty
MoldovaBanned
MonacoBanned
MongoliaBanned
MontenegroBanned
MoroccoNot in the treaty
MozambiqueBanned
Myanmar (Burma)Not in the treaty
NamibiaBanned
NauruNot in the treaty
NepalBanned
NetherlandsBanned
New ZealandBanned
NicaraguaBanned
NigerNot in the treaty
NigeriaNot in the treaty
North KoreaNot in the treaty
North MacedoniaBanned
NorwayBanned
OmanNot in the treaty
PakistanNot in the treaty
PalauNot in the treaty
Palestinian TerritoriesBanned
PanamaBanned
Papua New GuineaNot in the treaty
ParaguayBanned
PeruNot in the treaty
PhilippinesBanned
PolandBanned
PortugalBanned
QatarNot in the treaty
RomaniaBanned
RussiaNot in the treaty
RwandaBanned
SamoaNot in the treaty
San MarinoBanned
Saudi ArabiaNot in the treaty
SenegalNot in the treaty
SerbiaBanned
SeychellesBanned
Sierra LeoneNot in the treaty
SingaporeNot in the treaty
SlovakiaBanned
SloveniaBanned
Solomon IslandsNot in the treaty
SomaliaNot in the treaty
South AfricaBanned
South KoreaNot in the treaty
South SudanNot in the treaty
SpainBanned
Sri LankaNot in the treaty
St. Kitts & NevisNot in the treaty
St. LuciaNot in the treaty
St. Vincent & GrenadinesNot in the treaty
SudanNot in the treaty
SurinameNot in the treaty
SwedenBanned
SwitzerlandBanned
SyriaNot in the treaty
São Tomé & PríncipeBanned
TajikistanNot in the treaty
TanzaniaNot in the treaty
ThailandNot in the treaty
Timor-LesteBanned
TogoBanned
TongaNot in the treaty
Trinidad & TobagoNot in the treaty
TunisiaNot in the treaty
TurkmenistanBanned
TuvaluNot in the treaty
TürkiyeBanned
UgandaNot in the treaty
UkraineBanned
United Arab EmiratesNot in the treaty
United KingdomBanned
United StatesNot in the treaty
UruguayBanned
UzbekistanBanned
VanuatuNot in the treaty
Vatican CityNot in the treaty
VenezuelaBanned
VietnamNot in the treaty
YemenNot in the treaty
ZambiaBanned
ZimbabweNot in the treaty

Sources

Red means the country is a member of the UN treaty abolishing the death penalty, the 1989 Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR (UN treaty records, November 2026). Green means it has not joined this treaty; many green countries have abolished the death penalty in their own law.

UN Treaty Collection, 10 Nov 2026: Status of Treaty IV-12 (Signatories: 40, Parties: 92), participant table with signature and ratification/accession dates
OHCHR: Text of the Second Optional Protocol (art. 1 abolition, art. 2 reservations, art. 8 entry into force)

Each country in the lists names the source for its rule; countries not listed had no qualifying national law in these sources. Laws as of November 2026. We map the law on the books, not how well it is enforced.

United States: Not in the treaty. The US has not signed the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR. Treaties are federal; whether a state uses the death penalty is set by state law, and federal and military law keep it. Law: Not a signatory or party to the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR (UNTC IV-12). Death penalty laws differ by state.

US sources: UN Treaty Collection, status of the Second Optional Protocol to the ICCPR (IV-12), as at 10 Nov 2026: the United States is not listed as a signatory or party

Laws as of November 2026. Each row names its source.Report a mistake

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